少数民族地区城市语言景观中的语言使用状况——以丽江市古城区为例

The Linguistic Landscape in a Multiethnic Region: The Case of Lijiang's Old Town

少数族群语言的使用是语言景观研究的重要内容。本文以云南省丽江市古城区为例,考察少数民族聚居区语言景观中的语言生态。调查发现,多语言使用是当地语言景观中的一个显著特征,尤其是旅游商业发达的新华街明显高于政府机关所在的福慧路,语言使用更具多样性。中文在少数民族聚居地区城市语言景观中是主导语言,其使用比例和凸显性均为最高。东巴文虽然凸显性并不强,但作为一种濒危语言,以及一种作为文化资源或者旅游资源开发的纳西族的书面语言,在排序及使用比例上构成了当地极有特色的语言景观。英语作为国际通用语,在少数民族地区城市语言景观中的使用也十分普遍。调查结果真实反映了目前少数民族地区具有某种代表性的城市语言景观中语言使用的基本状况。

The use of minority languages is one of the recurring themes in linguistic landscape studies. Based on empirical data, this paper explores the linguistic landscapes of two streets in Lijiang＇s Old Town in northwest Yunnan province. It is found that multilin- gualism is an eminent characteristic in the linguistic landscapes of the two surveyed streets. Out of the two streets, Xinhua Street is a commercial district and tourist spot, thus displaying higher degree of multilingual characteristic of intensive use of more languages than that in Fuhui Road, where some government offices are located. Specifically, in the area that is densely inhabited by ethnic minorities, Chinese still manifests itself as a dominant language and fares higher percentage and salience. But what is more significant is that, as a cultural symbol, the endangered hieroglyphic Dongba script is capitalized as a tourist resource through highlighting it on the top of the order of appearance among other languages, although not as prominent as Chinese. In addition, English as an international language is widely used in the local linguistic landscapes. The findings obtained from the investigation provide an authentic portrait of the linguistic landscape in a multicultural context like Lijiang, which is a well-known international tourism destination.