土壤添加生物质炭和施肥对褐飞虱生长发育和生殖的协同效应

The combined effect of biochar and fertilizer application to paddy soils on developmental and reproductive performance of the brown rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

为评价土壤添加生物质炭控制褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的应用潜力是否受到施肥的影响,在室内按析因设计进行添加生物质炭和施肥的盆栽试验,观察在生物质炭(0、10、50 g/kg)×施肥(不施肥、尿素、复合肥)处理后的水稻上取食的褐飞虱生长发育和生殖表现。结果表明,添加生物质炭对褐飞虱若虫发育历期的影响不因施肥而变化,少量(10 g/kg)和足量(50 g/kg)生物质炭处理下的若虫发育历期分别为13.7 d和13.9 d,但均比不添加生物质炭对照(12.9 d)显著延长。添加生物质炭对若虫存活率的影响与施肥有关,在施复合肥条件下生物质炭处理不影响存活率,而在施氮肥条件下足量生物质炭处理使若虫存活率(69.9%)比少量生物质炭处理(88.8%)显著降低。添加生物质炭对成虫长翅型比例的影响取决于施肥,虽然不施肥条件下添加足量生物质炭可使长翅型比例从少量处理的10.9%增至足量处理的40.2%,但在施复合肥或氮肥条件下,生物质炭不影响长翅型比例。添加生物质炭对褐飞虱生殖力的影响与施肥有关,在施复合肥条件下生物质炭对其生殖力影响不显著,在施氮肥条件下足量生物质炭处理的产卵量平均为170.6粒,较不添加生物质炭对照(290.3粒)和少量生物质炭处理(309.3粒)显著减少。研究结果表明,土壤添加生物质炭对褐飞虱存活和生殖的不利影响因施肥种类不同而有一定的变化。

To explore the potential of biochar amendments to paddy soils in the control of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens when inorganic fertilizers were applied, laboratory experiments of the effect of biochar （0, 10 or 50 g/kg） on N. lugens developmental performance and female adult fecundity depending on fertilizer application （CK, urea or composite fertilizer） were carried out. The results showed that the effect of biochar on nymphal duration did not change with fertilizer application. The duration was not different between low （10 g/kg） or high （50 g/kg） level of biochar application but was extended to 13.7 d and 13.9 d at both levels compared to the control （12.9 d）. Biochar influenced nymphal survival depending on fertilizer application. While the survival rate was not significantly different among biochar levels for composite fertilizer application, it was lower at the high level （69.9%） than at the low level of biochar amendment for N fertilizer application. Biochar＇ s effect on the proportion of macropteran adults at emergence varied depending on the fertilizers applied. Without application of fertilizers, high- level biochar application increased the proportion from 10.9% at the low level to 40.2%; with application of the fertilizers biochar application did not influence the proportion. Biochar application affected female adult fecundity and the effect varied depending on the fertilizers applied. While the fecundity was not different among biochar treatment levels with the use of composite fertilizer, it was significantly reduced at the high-level biochar application （average 170.6 eggs） than at the low-level （309.3 eggs） or the control （290.3 eggs） with the application of N fertilizer. The results indicated that the negative effect ofbiochar amendment on N. lugens may vary to some extent depending on the fertilizers applied.