不同化学物处理对苦瓜性别分化中生理生化及田间表现的影响

Effect of Different Chemicals on Phyisiology,Biochemistry and Field Performance During Sex Differentiation of Momordica charantia L.

以中华苦瓜为材料,在苦瓜幼苗2叶1心期和4叶1心期以300 mg/L AgNO_3、5mmol/L 1-氨基环丙烷1-羧酸、50mg/L乙烯利及2mg/L 1-甲基环丙烯50μL溶液滴注茎尖,连续处理3 d,7 d后测定植株基部以上第5片完全展开叶片中生理生化指标的变化,30 d后统计主茎30节以内苦瓜花性别的分化情况.结果发现,AgNO_3和1-MCP处理的苦瓜叶片可溶性糖含量及CAT活性显著升高,乙烯利和ACC处理的苦瓜叶片叶绿素、蔗糖、还原糖含量和POD活性显著增加.田间调查结果表明,乙烯利和ACC处理的苦瓜主茎30节内第一雌花节位下降,雌花节率上升;AgNO_3和1-MCP处理处理的第一雌花节位上升,雌花节率下降.这一结果说明植物激素乙烯对苦瓜性别分化具有重要的调控作用,其前体和替代物具有显著的促雌效应,而其作用抑制剂却具有明显的促雄效应,这为今后应用乙烯相关化合物调控苦瓜性别分化奠定了基础.

Absract： Zhonghua, a cultivar of bitter melon was selected as material in this paper, the treatment was done at seedling age of two- leaf-one-heart and four-leave-one-heart. 50 IxL solutions of 300 mg/L AgNO3, 5 mmol/L ACC, 50 mg/L ethephon, as well as 2 ppm 1-MCP were instilled to stem tips once a day, continuous treatment persisted in 3 days. 7 d after the last treatment, physiological and biochemical indexes of the 5th fully expanded leaves from stem base on were valued, and sex differentiation of 30 internods along stem were investigated at 30 d since the last treatment. Results found that soluble sugar content and CAT activity increased significantly in leaves treated with AgNO3 and 1-MCP, sucrose and reducing sugar content, as well as POD activity increased significantly in leaves treated with ACC and ethephon. Result of field investigation on sex differentiation showed that under the treatment of ethephon and ACC, first female nod fell down but female flower ratio rose, contrary result was found under the treatment of AgNO3 and l- MCP. These results indicate phytohormone ethylene has a vital regulation on the sex differentiation in bitter melon, its precursor and alternative promote female flowers differention and inhibitors promote male flowers differentiation. The study lay a foundation for further regulation on sex differentiation in bitter melon. Key words bitter melon（Momordica charantia L.）; sex differentiation; phytohormone; ethylene