转型背景下中西部地区普通高校如何留住本地培养人才——基于技能定价模型的因果效应分析

Does the Transition of Undergraduate Cultivation in the Mid-West China Help to Keep Talents Stay:the Causal Effects on Emigration Based on Skill Price Model

由于我国区域之间差异明显,中西部地区的优秀人才普遍形成了"孔雀东南飞"的流动趋势。如何能让当地培养的人才为当地发展服务成为地方发展的重要基础。本文以中西部普通本科院校毕业生为研究对象,基于技能定价模型展开理论探讨,并将理论假设延伸到院校培养内部,结合地方转型的相关政策,探讨院校人才培养方案的转型能否降低人才外流的可能性。为获得因果推断的估计结果,研究考虑到能力的内生性问题,通过工具变量法进行了纠正。实证结果发现,院校专业设置如果可以和当地行业发展相对接,有助于显著降低人才外流的可能性;同时院校人才能力培养也具有重要意义,其中专业性能力和通用性能力均有助于降低人才外流的可能性,且通用性能力的效果更加明显。

As economic developments are significantly different among provinces, talents often intend to work and live in east coastal areas of China. How to attract local elites to contribute to local developments in the mid-west China has not only been a critical foundation for future, but also been an issue of research fields like human capital, higher education, and economic development. Drawing on survey results of graduates from colleges in mid-west China, this paper highlights the possibilities of improving ＂brain drain＂ through reforming undergraduate programs. This paper uses the skill price model to explore both everyday practice of talent cultivating within these colleges and the in-transition local policies. Aiming at gaining estimating the casual effect, Instrumental Variable Method was used in the study. Findings show that the loss of talents can be significantly decreased if the majors talents take can be perfectly matched with the labor demand in different industry. Moreover, professional ability and general ability also help attracting talents to stay, which shows an important path for future reforms and development.