大学生就业能力培养现状及影响因素——基于本科毕业生调查数据的实证研究

A Study on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Employability Training in Universities

基于毕业生追踪调查,本文分析了当前我国大学生就业能力培养的现状和影响因素。研究将就业能力指标分为知识掌握、认知性技能、组织胜任技能、职业态度四个维度,通过数据分析发现,相较于其他能力,毕业生认为高校对学生认知性技能的培养更为欠缺;就学科差异而言,工科类学生对大学生就业能力培养评价偏低;课外支持因素对各类就业能力的培养都有着突出的影响,而课程和教学因素只对知识掌握方面有较强的作用;实习效果和学生投入因素亦不同程度地影响就业能力培养,并且实习效果不佳是工科类学生就业能力培养不足的重要原因。

Based on the tracking survey of graduates, this paper has analyzed the constructs and current situation of the employability training in universities as well as its influencing factors. The indicators of employability is divided into four dimensions： knowledge mastery, cognitive skills, organizational competency and professional attitude. It is found that the training of cognitive skills and the employability training of engineering students are both relatively overlooked. What＇s more, extracurricular factor has a prominent influence on the employability training while the effect of curriculum and teaching is insufficient; meanwhile, the effectiveness of practical experience and the engagement of students both have certain effects. Besides, the ineffectiveness of practical experience makes a massive contribution on the insufficient employability training of engineering students.