运动员的心理坚韧性研究:结构模型、影响因素及作用效果

Research on Athlete's Mental Toughness: Structural Models, Influential Factors and Effects

采用文献资料法,回顾了运动员心理坚韧性的相关研究。介绍心理坚韧性4种较新的结构模型,梳理心理坚韧性的影响因素,包括人口统计学变量、教练员行为、幽默风格、自我意识等,分析心理坚韧性的效应,包括运动倦怠、情绪调节策略、流畅特质等,指出未来研究者应积极开展心理坚韧积极的纵向研究,并注重考察情境因素对心理坚韧性的影响,探究其神经机制,关注其消极作用,进行团体心理坚韧性研究。旨在为运动领域中心理坚韧性的进一步研究提供一定参考。

By the method of literature study, the paper reviews the related researches on mental toughness of athletes. It summarizes four models of mental toughness and the factors affecting mental toughness, including demographic variables, behavior of coaches, humor styles and self-awareness. It analyzes the effects of mental toughness, including athletic burnout, emotional regulation strategy, fluid characteristics, etc. It points out that future researchers should actively make longitudinal researches on mental toughness, pay attention to the effect of environmental factors on mental toughness, study its neural mechanism and its negative function and pursue their studies on group mental toughness. The paper aims to provide reference for further researches on mental toughness in the field of sports.