三种植物提取物对梨储藏期黑斑病菌抑制作用

Inhibitory Activities of Three Kinds of Traditional Plant Medicine Extracts Against Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination of Alternaria kikuchiana

以梨黑斑病原菌(Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka)为供试菌株,采用菌丝生长速率测定法和病原孢子萌发率方法,研究了三七、五味子和白果3种提取物不同浓度对梨黑斑病原菌的抗菌活性。结果表明:3种植物提取物对梨黑斑病均表现出了不同程度的抑制活性,随着提取物浓度的增大相对菌落直径减小,且同种提取物对菌落生长的抑制作用在不同浓度之间存在差异。在三七提取物的浓度为4 000mg·L^(-1)时抑制率高达79.29%,同时在2 000、1 000mg·L^(-1)的质量浓度下排除乙醇干扰(相加或相减作用)影响,抑制率大于50.00%。五味子和白果提取物只有在4 000mg·L^(-1)下抑制率分别为52.78%和50.56%,而在其它浓度下抑制不明显。表明三七提取物在较高浓度4 000、2 000、1 000mg·L^(-1)下具有较高抑制梨黑斑病病菌的活性。三七、五味子和白果各提取物的EC50分别为524.40、3 196.44、3 558.51mg·L^(-1)。三七、五味子和白果提取物浓度在4 000mg·L^(-1)时孢子萌发率分别为28.16%、44.44%和52.21%。表明三七提取物处理能够抑制梨黑斑病病菌丝生长和病原孢子的萌发。

The pear black spot pathogen（Alternaria kikuchiana Tanaka）was taken as teat strains,the mycelium growth rate determination method and pathogen spores germination ratio method were adopted,the effect of different concentrations of notoginseng,schisandrae and ginkgo extracts on antibacterial activity of bacterium of pear black spot were studied.The results showed that the three kinds of plant extracts on pear black rot showed different degrees of inhibitory activity,relative colony diameter decreased with the increasing of concentration of extracts,and the same extract on colony growth inhibition was different between different concentrations.In the concentration of4 000 mg·L^-1,the inhibition rate of the extract was 79.29%,while the concentration of 2 000,1 000 mg·L^-1 excluded ethanol interference（adding or subtracting）,and the inhibition rate was greater than 50.00%.The inhibitory rate of schisandra and gingko extract was only 4 000 mg·L^-1,which was 52.78%and 50.56%respectively,while inhibition was not obvious at other concentrations.It showed that notoginseng extracts had higher inhibition activity with concentration of 4 000,2 000,1 000 mg·L^-1.The EC50 of the extracts of the notoginseng,schisandrae and ginkgo were 524.40,3 196.44,3 558.51 mg·L^-1 respectively.The spore germination rate was 28.16%,44.44% and52.21% of notoginseng,schisandrae and ginkgo,respectively,at the concentration of 4 000 mg·L^-1.The germination of the silk growth and pathogen spores of the pear black spot was inhibited by the treatment of the notoginseng extract.