论新砦文化的源流及性质

THE ORIGIN,DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE OF XINZHAI CULTURE

新砦期遗存因1979年河南密县（今新密市）新砦遗址的发掘而得名。最初，发掘者认为该遗存属河南龙山文化向二里头文化的过渡性遗存，但新砦期遗存是否存在并未得到确认。为探索早期夏文化，1999年北京大学联合郑州市文物考古研究所对新砦遗址再次进行了发掘，确认了“新砦期”的存在。其后，学术界对“新砦期”遗存进行讨论，提出了“新砦文化”的命名。

The term ＂Xinzhai Culture＂ refers to the archaeological culture represented by the remains of Phases Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Xinzhai Site, which is mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Ying 颖 River to the south of Mount Song. In terms of artifact categories and the quantities of artifacts of each category, about 78% of the cultural elements of the early phase of Xinzhai Culture are from Zaohitai Culture in eastern Henan, and only about 20% are from the local Wangwan Phase Ⅲ Culture. In term of pottery decoration style, checkerboard pattern is the most popular, followed by basket pattern, and cord pattern takes the third position, which is also consistent with that of Zaolatai Culture but different from the decoration style of the Wangwan Phase Ⅲ Culture which occupies the same area with the Xinzhai Culture. These phenomena show that the Zaolutai Culture is the main resource or forerunner of the Xinzhai Culture. In terms of artifact categories and the quantities of artifacts of each category, about 64% of the cultural elements of the late phase of Xinzhai Culture appear in the early Erlitou Culture, and about 78% of the cultural elements of the early Erlitou Culture can find origins in the late phase of Xinzhai Culture. In term of pottery decoration style, cord pattern took low proportion in the early phase of Xinzhai Culture, but its proportion was continuing to rise~ to the Erlitou Culture period, cord pattern took the preeminent position, showing that Xinzhai Culture is the forerunner of Erlitou Culture. At first, Zaoliutai Culture advanced westward, and formed the Xinzhai Culture in central Henan; and then, the latter advanced westward again into Luoyang Basin and formed the Erlitou Culture finally.