文士治生视野下的明清江南文艺市场

Literary Scholars' Running of Business and Jiangnan Art Market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,江南发达的商品经济以及世人尤其是徽商雄厚财力和对艺术产品的青睐为文艺市场的发育和繁荣提供了物质条件。在江南地区的一些文士参与文艺市场并从事治生活动,他们凭借着一些艺术才能,将其作品化为商品,参与其制作或贩卖活动以达其治生之目的。涉及的领域也比较广泛,尤其是在书画市场,文士的治生活动十分活跃,许多职业书画家和兼职书画家渐渐将书画商品化,将书画艺术推向市场,他们不再遮遮掩掩,甚至将书画作品明码标价出售,名家书画作品的热销,助长了书画赝品的盛行;一些文士还时常涉足古玩、戏曲小说、园林建筑等市场。这成为江南艺术市场一道亮丽的"风景线",他们对江南地区艺术市场的培育起到了十分重要的作用。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the developed commodity economy in the Jiangnan region, as well as the abundant financial resources of people, especially Huizhou merchants, and people＇s favor for art products provided the material conditions for the development and prosperity of the art market. Some of the literary scholars in Jiangnan participated in the art market and engaged in business activities. They relied on their artistic talent to turn art works into commodities and join the production or sale of art works for profits. They were involved in a wide range of areas, and were especially active in the market of calligraphy and painting. Many professional and part-time calligraphers and painters gradually commercialized their works and put them into the market. They became less timid and began to explicitly show the prices of their works on sale. However, the popularity enjoyed by famous artists＇ works in the art market also contributed to the prevalence of fake art works. In the meantime, some literary scholars also got into the markets of antiques, songs, gardening and architecture. This then became a beautiful＂landscape＂of the Jiangnan art market and these scholars have played a very important role in cultivating this market.