全球化时代的国际女性移民治理

The Governance of International Female Migrants in the Era of Globalization

随着全球化的深入发展、全球劳动力市场结构的深刻变化和跨国人口流动的日益频繁,国际移民女性化已经成为当今国际移民发展的重要趋势。目前,国际女性移民的数量日益增长,其构成类型也在发生变化,主要包括合法家庭团聚类女性移民、独立女性移民、非法或无合法证件的女性移民、女性难民及寻求庇护者与邮购新娘等。导致国际女性移民的原因复杂多样,主要在于全球化与全球产业结构的影响、国家间经济发展水平的差距、与已定居国外的亲属团聚、逃离受压迫受歧视的社会境遇、跨国人口贩运以及发达国家服务业对女性劳工的需求等。有效治理国际女性移民面临的问题,必须统筹国内国际因素,综合施策,完善国际女性移民管理与保护机制,加强移民输出国与输入国之间的良性合作,充分发挥非政府组织的作用。

With the further development of globalization, the profound change in structure of global labor market and the frequent transnational movement of population, the feminization of migrants has become a significant trend in the development of international migration. Nowadays, the population of international female migrants is growing and its formation is changing, mainly including legal female migrants for family reunification, independent female migrants,illegal or undocumented female migrants, refugees and asylum seekers, mail-ordered brides and so on. The attribution of the feminization of migration is complicated, mainly lies in the impact of globalization and global industrial structure,the level of economic development among countries, the need to reunite with settled relatives, escape from the oppressive and discriminated social circumstance, transnational human trafficking and the demand for female workers in the service sector of developed countries. In order to solve the problems in the international female migrants effectively, it is necessary to take into consideration both domestic and international factors with an implementation ofcomprehensive measures, to improve the management and protective mechanism of International female migrants, to strengthen positive cooperation between exporting countries and importing countries and to give full play to the role of non-governmental organizations.