倾斜双圆环型孔圆盘式玉米排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Declined Disc Plate with Double Ring Corn Metering Device

针对现有气力式排种器作业质量受外界条件影响大以及传统机械式排种器难以满足高速播种要求的问题,设计了一种结构简单、充种效果好、可适应高速作业要求的倾斜圆盘式排种器;以黄淮海地区玉米种子的物料学特性为基础,对该排种器的充种、清种以及主要结构参数的确定方法进行了研究。采用二次正交旋转试验对其排种性能进行了试验,建立了排种器性能指标(合格指数、重播指数和漏播指数)与排种器倾角、型孔数、型孔盘转速的回归方程,确定了各参数对性能指标的影响规律,并进行了优化计算,对优化结果进行了验证试验。最后进行了田间试验,结果表明:在倾角为39°、型孔数为30个、机器前进速度为8.2~11.9 km/h时,排种器合格指数大于90%,重播指数小于3%,漏播指数小于8%,均满足国家相关标准要求。

Under the influence of medium and high power tractor driving the sowing machine,high-speed precise seeding technology has become an important direction of corn seeder development. So the corn metering device which is the core component of corn seeder attracted many experts and scholars to study.And the results dedicates that the existing pneumatic metering device existed inaccurate sowing precision and the mechanical metering device owns poor adaptability for high-speed operation. According to the above practical problems,a declined disk corn metering device was designed which owned advantages such as simple structure and good seeding performance. The declined dick metering device used angle strengthen sufficient effect and type hole plate to reduce the damage of seeds. The key parameters such as the inclination of the seed metering device and the main structure of the type hole plate were analyzed and determined. Based on the results of the orthogonal rotational combination experiment on the metering device test bed JPS-12,the performance of the metering device was analyzed and the regression equation was obtained between working parameters（the declination angle,number of the type hole,velocity of the type hole plate） and metering performance index. Then the optimized calculation was carried out.According to the optimization results,the speed adaptability test was carried out,the results showed that when the declination angle was 39°,the number of type hole was 30,the speed of the plant was 8. 2 ~11. 9 km/h,the metering device qualified rate was more than 90%,the leakage rate was less than 3% and the replanting rate was less then 8%,which could completely meet the requirement of technical specifications of quality evaluation for drills in China.