停止阶段圆柱滚子轴承保持架应力分析

Study on Cage Stress of Cylindrical Roller Bearing at Stop Stage

基于滚动轴承动力学理论,建立考虑较大负加速条件下的圆柱滚子轴承动力学微分方程组,采用预估-校正的Hilbert-Hughes-Taylor(HHT)变步长积分算法求解其动力学微分方程组。在此基础上,提取减速阶段滚子与保持架的碰撞力和角速度作为滚子与保持架有限元接触模型的边界条件,研究保持架材料、轴承结构参数和工况参数对保持架应力的影响。研究结果表明:轴承在稳定工作阶段时保持架应力主要由离心力产生,但在停止阶段保持架应力主要由滚子与保持架间碰撞力产生,且是稳定工作阶段应力的数倍;在相同工况条件下,相对于青铜保持架,钢制保持架的安全系数更高;随着润滑油供油温度的升高,保持架应力呈现先减小后增大的趋势,存在一个最佳的润滑供油温度使保持架应力最小;应合理地选择径向游隙、载荷和润滑油供油温度以降低轴承停止阶段的保持架应力水平。

Based on the dynamic theory of rolling bearings, the dynamic differential equations of cylindrical roller bearing with the large acceleration were established and solved by Hilbert-Hughes-Taylor（HHT） integer algorithm with the variable steps. The collision force and angular speed of cage and roller at stop stage were used as the boundary conditions of finite element contact model. The influences of material of cage, working conditions and structural parameters of bearing on cage stress were investigated. The results are as following： cage stress is produced mostly by centrifugal force when bearing is working at a constant speed, but at stop stage, cage stress is caused mostly by collision force between rollers and cage and reaches several times of that at a constant speed; When bearing is working under the same condition, the safety factor of steel cage is greater than that of copper cage; The cage stress decrease firstly and then increase with the supply oil temperature increasing, and there is a reasonable supply oil temperature to get a relative lower cage stress; Reasonable radial clearance, load and supply oil temperature can significantly reduce cage stress level at stop stage.