“圭璧以祀”三证《周礼》成书于汉初

A Reconfirmation of Zhouli Completed in Early Han Dynasty Based on Sacrificial Jade Bi and Gui

《周礼》以其系统而详备的职官职能、礼仪礼器等记载而成为一个悖论的存在:后人既援引为礼制重建的法典和考释礼仪遗存遗物的主要参考文献,同时,其真实性及成书年代又备受质疑,成为自其汉初现身以来的学术难题。文章系统梳理传世文献、出土文献和祭祀性遗址出土玉器的器类、纹饰、组合、尺寸,聚焦《周礼》记载最为详备的"圭璧以祀"的源流承传及其时代特征,以多重证据法再证《周礼》成书于汉初。

As a classical book which disputed endlessly on the completed time but systematic and detailed record on official function,rituals and sacrificial vessels,Zhouli has become a paradoxical existence：on the one hand,it is a very important reference document always quoted for reconstructing the propriety in the past dynasties and explaining the ritual remains in modern archeology;on the other hand,its authenticity and edition age are always questioned.Therefore,the time for the completion of Zhouli is still a bottleneck problem which cannot be ignored.This paper,focusing on the tradition of sacrificial Jade Bi and Gui based on written documents and archeological findings,demonstrated once again that Zhouli was completed in the early Han Dynasty.