语言测试效度与公平性研究

Validity and Fairness in Language Assessment

效度是评判一项测试质量的重要指标，而公平性又是效度的重要保证。本文结合测试效度观及其验证模式的发展变化．对近50年来语言测试公平性观念及其研究模式在分类、整体、论证3种效度观时期的演变进行梳理与思考，发现语言测试公平性研究采取的几乎是与效度研究一样的进路，学界对公平性研究的必要性存在争议。在以上分析的基础上，本文总结二者之间的关系，并指出未来测试公平性研究应继续努力的方向。

Validity has been regarded as the key element of any assessment and fairness plays a very important role in achieving high validity. Based on the conceptual changes of validity and changes in the modes of validation, this paper deals with the evolution of fairness studies in language assessment over the past 50 years from the following three perspectives： categorized, unitary and argumentative validity concepts. It reveals that the methods and contents in the study of fairness are nearly the same as those in the study of validity and validation and the assessment experts have different views towards the necessity of the fairness exploration in language assessment. According to the analysis above, the paper summarizes the relationship between the two and points out what the further studies should explore thoroughly in the future.