价值论研究:问题与出路

Axiological Study: Problem and its Breakthrough

价值或价值观问题是现代人相当普遍和严重的人生问题 ,这个问题构成了对国内价值哲学的有力挑战 ,凸显出国内价值论研究长期存在的价值的工具性定义和本体论承诺之间的矛盾。这个矛盾反映了人们在价值问题研究中囿于认识论框架 ,从经验的知识的角度说明价值又让价值一词负荷终极关怀所造成的混乱和困境。要正确而深入地解析人们现实的价值和意义困惑 ,使价值论研究有一个新的拓展 ,就必须有价值问题的生存论自觉 ,重新解释“实践”并以实践概念所体现的生存现象学方法来透视价值 ,如实地把价值看作人在其对象性活动中生发的生命和文化现象 ,看作是人的现实生存与理想生存、有限的个体与无限的族类之间的历史性的辩证关系亦即人的自我超越历程。

As an universal and important problem concerning contemporary people, the problem of value or outlook of value challenges the philosophy of value in China, highlighting the contradiction in the study of axiology between the instrumental definition of value and the ontological commitment to value. That contradiction is a symptom of the confusion and difficulty in the studying of axiology, which is limited within the epistemological framework, as to explain the value empirically and cognitively and charge the value with the ultimate concern. Therefore in order to make a breakthrough in axiology and to analyze correctly and deeply the confusion of value and meaning in the reality, it is necessary to be ontologically conscious of the problem of value, to re-interpret the 'practice' and to study the value by way of the phenomenology of existence embodied in the concept of praxis. From that viewpoint, value is to be treated as the cultural and living phenomenon that arises from the objective activities by human being, as the human being's self-transcendence process, and as the historical dialectic relation between the actual existence and ideal existence of human being, between the finite individuals and infinite species.