宁波部分地区高危新生儿泌尿系统超声筛查及随访结果分析

目的研究泌尿系统超声筛查高危新生儿泌尿道畸形及随访结果。方法对宁波市宁海县及奉化市2013年1月1日至12月31日出生的父母同意接受超声筛查的高危新生儿2742例行泌尿系统超声检查并随访。结果本次筛查中阳性人数155例（男1084例,女47例），发病率为5．65％。155例阳性患儿中肾积水147例，肾缺如2例，异位肾2例，肾囊性病变3例，肾发育不良1例，其中肾积水的比例最大，占94．84％。本次筛查患儿大多为生理性肾积水，预后良好，尚无患儿需要手术干预。结论在高危新生儿的泌尿系统超声筛查中，先天性肾脏和泌尿道畸形（CAKUT）发病率为5．65％，最常见的cAKuT为肾积水，以轻中度多见，大多预后良好。cAKuT患儿随访生长发育状况良好。

Objective To study the results of ultrasound screening and follow-up for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract athigh-risk neonates. Methods 2742 cases of the neonates agreed by parents in the areas of Ninghai and Fenghua between 2013.1.1~2013.12.31 were accepted the ultrasound screening.In the meanwhile, the neonates with problem were followed up. Results 155 neonates had been diagnosed with CAKUT （ Male 108 cases, female 47 cases ） , the rate were 5.65%.Classifications of 155 cases with CAKUT including 147 cases with positive reaction in hydronephrosis, 2 in renal agenesis, 2 in ectopic kidney, 3 in renal cystic lesion, lin renal dysplasia.The largest proportion of CAKUT was hydronephrosis of which positive rate was 94.84%.It showed the most cases were physiological hydronephrosis with a good prognosis and no one underwent surgery. Conclusion There are 155 cases which had been diagnosed with abnormalities of the urinary systems in the ultrasound screening at high-risk neonates.Neonates with mild or moderate hydronephrosis are the most common seen cases of malformation in urinary system.Most of cases with hydronephrosis had a good prognosis.The folLow-up growth of the cases with CAKUT developed well.