劳动密集型企业女工职业紧张反应影响因素分析

Influencing factors of occupational stress in female workers of labor-intensive enterprises

目的研究劳动密集型企业女工职业紧张反应的现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选择广东省5家劳动密集型企业910名女工作为研究对象,采用修订版《职业紧张量表》对其职业紧张状况进行问卷调查。结果 910名女工中,有14.9%(136/910)的女工处于中度或高度职业任务过重状态;20.1%(183/910)的女工处于中度或高度职业紧张反应状态;21.4%(195/910)的女工处于中度及高度缺乏应对资源状态。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,单身、接触职业病危害因素的女工发生职业紧张反应的风险更高(P<0.01);职业任务越重、应对资源越缺乏者发生职业紧张反应的风险均越高(P<0.01)。结论部分劳动密集型企业女工处于职业紧张反应过高或较高状态;婚姻状况、职业病危害因素接触、职业任务及应对资源是职业紧张反应发生的主要影响因素。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of occupational stress in female workers of labor-intensive enterprises. Methods Totally 910 female workers from 5 labor-intensive enterprises in Guangdong Province was selected as the research subjects by random cluster sampling method. A questionnaire survey on occupational stress was conducted using the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revlsed Edition. Results Among the 910 female workers, 14. 9% （136/910） showed medium or higher scale on occupational role level, 20. 1% （183/910） showed medium or higher scale on occupational stress level, and 21.4% （195/910） showed medium or higher scale on personal resources lack. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk of occupational stress was high in single female workers and/or those exposed to occupational hazards （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The higher the occupational role level, the higher risk of occupational stress （ P 〈0.01 ）. The less personal resources, the higher risk of occupational stress （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Some female workers in labor-intensive enterprises showed medium or higher occupational stress level. The main influencing factors of occupational stress are marital status, exposure to occupational hazards, occupational role and personal resources.