现代化视角下乡村治理的柔性路径——基于江宁的观察

FLEXIBLE PATTERN OF RURAL GOVERNANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MODERNIZATION: EVIDENCES FROM JIANGNING

当前乡村现代化成为中国城乡规划治理的重要目标,也是国家权力下沉乡村、完成现代国家建构的必要步骤。本文试图提供一个基于历史经验的乡村治理解释框架,并在此基础上进一步结合南京江宁案例提出一条乡村治理可能的新路径。首先,通过对国家权力主导乡村治理历史的简要回顾,提出乡村治理与现代化的关系框架,包含"为稳定的治理"和"为发展的治理"两个阶段,试图以此解释乡村治理变迁的内在机制及当前乡村治理面临的挑战。其次,通过对南京江宁乡村规划治理的案例研究,本文观察到以快速响应、项目精准投入和自主实践引导为特征的新型乡村治理路径的形成。再次,基于案例研究,本文归纳出区别于传统以"现代化要素投入"为特征的刚性乡村治理的新模式,即以"现代化经验赋予"为特征的柔性乡村治理模式。最后,本文探讨了这种柔性模式作为未来乡村治理理想模式的内在合理性、可行性和规划应对。

Nowadays, rural modernization has become both a vital target of China＇s rural planning and governance, and a necessary step for power decentralization to rural areas and completing the modern state construction as well. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary explanatory framework for rural governance based on history and further propose an emerging governance pattern through a case study in Jiangning, Nanjing. Firstly, with a review of historical performance of state power in rural governance, this paper proposes a hypothesis about rural governance-modernization relationship that includes two stages, i.e., ＂governing for stability＂ and ＂governing for development＂, in order to explain the inherent mechanism of transitional rural governance and the challenge that current rural governance is facing. Then, through a case study of rural planning and governance in Jiangning, the paper identifies an emerging path to rural modernization driven by a unique governance pattern, which is characterized with fast response, accurate project input, and independent experiences- oriented. Thirdly, based on the case study, this paper induces a new rural governance pattern, that is, the flexible pattern, characterized by the creation of modernized context and experiences, which is very different from the conventional way focusing on the devotion of modernized entities known as the inflexible pattern in recent years. As a complement, the paper further discusses the inherent rationality, feasibility and applicability of the flexible governance pattern which makes it a possible ideal model for future rural governance in China.