古希腊修辞“或然性”思想再解读——基于二元论和多元论的探讨

“The Probable” of Ancient Greek Rhetoric Revisited——a Study from Dualistic and Pluralistic Perspectives

"或然性"是西方修辞的一个核心概念,理解并这将这一概念明晰化具有显著意义。流传至今的古典论著中有关或然性内涵和外延的较为明确和完整的系统化论述并不多见。因此,要研究西方古典修辞,就有必要对"或然性"进行历史还原式的探讨、解析或阐释。本文在总结了古典修辞中修辞推论的"可能而未必"和修辞发明中"相反又相成"这两个显著的或然性内涵后,着重基于二元论和多元论从"是非与名实"方面对或然性修辞思想进行再解读。

＂The Probable＂ is a core concept and essential attribute of western rhetoric,and it is of significance to understand and clarify this concept. In classical times,rhetorical researchers in ancient Greece began to explore the ＂rhetorical probability＂.However,the relatively clear and completely systematic treatises on the connotation and denotation of ＂rhetorical probability＂ were rarely seen in the classical works. Therefore,to study western classical rhetoric,it is necessary to conduct historically retrospective discussion,analysis or interpretation of ＂The Probable＂,which was one of the core ideas of classical rhetoric. This article summarizes in the classical rhetoric the significant connotation of ＂The Probable＂ as ＂may not necessarily＂ in enthymeme and ＂opposed yet complemental mutually＂ in rhetorical invention;then it furthers the interpretation,mainly based on dualism and pluralism,with the analysis of ＂plausibility/implausibility＂ and ＂name/reality＂ on the probability of ＂rhetorical probability＂.