中东欧民粹主义兴起与欧盟内部分化

The Rise of Populism in Central and Eastern Europe And the Division Within the EU

自2004年加入欧盟时起，中东欧十国经历了全面的政治经济转型与改革。它们从欧盟获益良多，但同时也不乏历史遗留的伤痕和对改革后果的不满，由此酝酿成为中东欧民粹主义兴起的社会基础。2010年以来，欧债危机、难民危机和英国脱欧等事件对欧盟现行体系造成严重的冲击，加剧了欧盟与各成员国的离心倾向。民粹主义迅速演变为中东欧的一支重要政治力量，难民问题则是该浪潮掀起的导火索，它导致具有特殊民族文化背景的“新欧洲”和坚守欧盟价值观的“老欧洲”关系的紧张，而迄今国际舆论对老欧洲民粹主义的关注远甚于对“新欧洲”民粹主义的重视。本文力图探讨民粹主义在中东欧形成和发展的社会基础以及它在欧盟内部愈演愈烈的分离倾向中的作用，由此来理解民粹主义的演进趋势。

Since the Central and Eastern European countries （CEEC） joined the European Union （EU）, the new member states have undergone comprehensive and profound political transformation and economic reforms. While the CEEC gaining benefits from EU, a discontent towards the negative consequences of reforms and transformations has been in the air, which later on became the social basis of the rise of populist political parties. Since 2010, several incidents, namely the Eurocrisis, refugee crisis and the Brexit largely have undermined the established system of the EU, which jeopardizes internal solidarity within the Union. The refugee crisis is the trigger of this ongoing movement. At present, populist parties have been developing at a fast speed and have become important political powers to challenge the authority of the EU, and many tensions have been brought to the CEEC-EU relationship. A new round of rivalry comes from the ＇New Europe＇ that sticks to its cultural and religious traditions and the ＇Old Europe＇ that sticks to the EU values. This paper aims to analyze the traits of populism in CEEC and its impacts on European integration.