美国防治高校性骚扰的制度与实践——第九条下高校的主要义务

American System and Practice on Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Harassment in Universities:The Main Obligations of the Universities under Title Ⅸ

高校性骚扰现象在各个国家都不同程度地存在,近几年,中国各地高校也频繁曝出性骚扰事件。如何防治高校性骚扰,对中国的立法和高校管理都提出了挑战。文章对防治性骚扰具有相对成熟经验的美国的相关制度,尤其是对具有性骚扰法源地位的美国《1972年教育法修正案》第九条,以及作为第九条重要执行机构的美国教育部为协助高校落实第九条要求而发布的一系列指引进行了解析、梳理,归纳出美国高校在防治性骚扰方面应承担的义务,包括实体义务和程序义务,同时通过引证实例对美国高校防治性骚扰的一些实践做法进行介绍。

The phenomenon of sexual harassment in colleges and universities exists in various countries. In recent years,there are frequent sexual harassment events in colleges and universities in our country. How to prevent sexual harassment in colleges and universities is a challenge to our country＇s legislation and the management of colleges and universities. In this paper,the author combs and analyses the relevant system, mainly the Title IX of Education Amendments Act of 1972, which has been the origin of laws on sexual harassment, and the several guidance documents issued by the Department of Education which is the main federal agency charged with enforcing Title IX in the United States ,which has relatively mature experience in prevention and treatment of sexual harassment. Then the author concludes the main obligations of the universities under Title IX,as well as the practice on how to prevent and treat sexual harassment.