面向灾害管理的自发地理信息研究及应用

Research and application on volunteered geographic information for disaster management

针对目前自发地理信息(VGI)应用于灾害管理的巨大潜力和需求,该文系统地介绍了VGI应用于灾害管理中所面临的机遇及数据可用性、数据质量、数据管理和法律议题等方面的挑战;在此基础上,针对VGI数据质量问题,结合我国灾害管理实际情况,提出了3种提高VGI数据质量的方法,即VGI数据贡献者分类与权限设计、政府引导下的灾害管理VGI数据采集框架以及VGI数据质量评估体系;最后,以开发的地震灾情信息管理原型系统为例,讨论VGI应用于灾害管理中的数据采集框架、数据模型等关键技术问题,具有一定的推广和应用价值。

According to the great potential and demand of volunteered geographic information（VGI）ap- plied in disaster management, this paper systematically introduces the opportunities faced by VGI in disaster management and challenges of data availability, data quality, data management and legal issues. Aiming at the problem of VGI data quality and the actual situation of disaster management in China, three different approaches to improve the VGI data quality are proposed, namely, the classification and authority design of VGI data contributors, the VGI data acquisition framework of disaster management under the guidance of government and the VGI data quality evaluation system. Taking the development of earthquake disaster information management prototype system as an example, this paper discusses the ap- plication of VGI in disaster management data acquisition framework, data model and other key technical issues, has a certain promotion and application value.