比较法视域下专利法与反垄断法之间的冲突与平衡

The Conflict and Balance between Patent Law and Anti-monopoly Law in the Perspective of Comparative Law

反垄断法通过反对限制竞争来推动竞争;专利法则通过某种限制竞争的方式,即通过保护专利人的专有权来激励人们从事创新活动。表面上看,二者之间在价值目标、实现价值目标的路径上存在冲突。实质上看,二者在促进创新、促进竞争和提升消费者福利方面具有更多的一致性。这种一致性为平衡二者之间的冲突提供了基础。专利限制竞争行为是二者冲突的集中体现,欧美均将专利限制竞争行为纳入反垄断法的调整范围以实现二者之间的平衡。我国《反垄断法》第55条存在固有的逻辑矛盾,在平衡我国专利法与反垄断法的冲突时,建议在修订《反垄断法》时删除第55条关于知识产权适用的例外规定,理顺反垄断法规制专利限制竞争行为的法律逻辑;同时区分专利限制行为和产品限制行为,以更好分析行为的反竞争效果,实现二者之间的平衡。

Antitrust law promotes competition by condemning the behavior of restricting competition;Patent law encourages people to innovate by means of protecting the exclusive rights of the patentee,which is a certain way of restricting competition. On the surface, there is a conflict between them in the value goal and the path of achieving the value goal. In essence,both of them are more consistent in promoting innovation,promoting competition and enhancing consumer welfare. This consistency provides a basis for balancing the conflict between them. Patent restriction competition behavior is the concentrated expression of the conflict between the two law systems. Both European and USA take the patent restrictive competition behavior into the scope of antimonopoly law to achieve the balance. Article Fifty-fifth of China＇s anti-monopoly law has inherent logical contradiction. When balancing the conflict between China＇s patent law and antitrust law,the author proposes to delete Article Fifty-fifth on intellectual property rights ,to straighten out the legal logic of antitrust regulate restrictive competition behavior;at the same time to distinguish between patent restrictions and product restriction in order to analysis effects of behavior better and achieve the balance between