茶树油对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标及脏器指数的影响

Effects of Tea Tree Oil on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical and Viscera Indexes of Weaned Piglets

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量茶树油对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻情况、血清生化指标和脏器指数的影响,并探究其替代抗生素的可行性。试验选取21日龄、体重(6.73±0.12)kg的健康杜洛克×长白猪×大白猪三元杂交断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组,分别为对照组(CON组,基础日粮)、抗生素组(ANT组,基础日粮+200mg/kg 10%硫酸黏菌素+75mg/kg 15%金霉素)、低剂量茶树油组(LTO组,基础日粮+50mg/kg茶树油)、中剂量茶树油组(MTO组,基础日粮+100mg/kg茶树油)和高剂量茶树油组(HTO组,基础日粮+150mg/kg茶树油),每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。正试期21d。试验期间,测定每组仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)及料重比(F/G);在试验结束时,每个重复选取1头仔猪采血后屠宰,取心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸腺、胰脏,测定脏器指数。结果显示:(1)MTO、HTO组ADG较CON组分别增加8.33%和14.84%(P>0.05),F/G分别降低9.58%和7.78%(P>0.05),二者均与ANT组无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)与CON组相比,ANT、MTO和HTO组腹泻率和腹泻指数均显著降低(P<0.05),其中MTO组降幅最大;(3)与ANT组相比,MTO、HTO组谷草转氨酶(AST)及谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),LTO、HTO组葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著降低(P<0.05),各组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)和白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)与ANT组相比,MTO、HTO组的肝脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),LTO组胸腺指数显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在日粮中添加适量茶树油(100mg/kg)可一定程度促进断奶仔猪生长、降低腹泻,促进肝脏和胸腺的发育,可一定程度替代抗生素的使用。

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of tea tree oil on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and viscera indexes of weaned piglets,and discuss the possibility of tea tree oil replace the antibiotics.One hundred and twenty Duroc pig× Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig crossbreed weaned piglets（21-day-old,6.73 kg±0.12 kg）were randomly divided into five groups：CON group（basal diet）,ANT group（basal diet＋200 mg/kg colistin（10%）＋75 mg/kg chlortetracycline（15%））,LTO group（basal diet＋50 mg/kg tea tree oil）,MTO group（basal diet＋100 mg/kg tea tree oil）and HTO group（basal diet＋150 mg/kg tea tree oil）,withsix replicates per group and four pigs per replicate.The experiment lasted for 21 d.During the experiment,the growth performance was measured（ADG,ADFI and F/G）,and at the end of the experiment,one piglet was chosen from each replicate for blood sampling and then were slaughtered,the heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,thymus and pancreas were collected to determine the organ indexes.The results showed as follow：（1） Compared with CON group,ADG of MTO and HTO groups increased by 8.33% and 14.84%（P〈0.05）,respectively,F/G were decreased9.58% and 7.78%,and the two indexes were not significant different with ANT group（P〈0.05）.（2）Diarrhea rate and diarrhea index of ANT,MTO and HTO groups were significantly lower than that of CON（P〈0.05）,in which MTO was the lowest.（3）Compared with ANT group,the activities of AST and GGT in MTO and HTO groups were significantly reduced（P〈0.05）,GLU in LTO and HTO groups were significantly decreased（P〈0.05）,there were no significant difference in ALT,TP,ALB,GLOB and A/G among groups（P〈0.05）.（4）The liver index in MTO and MTO groups and thymus index in LTO group were significantly higher than ANT group（P〈0.05）.In summary,adding a certain percentage of tea tree oil（100 mg/kg）to diet of weaned piglets could promote the growth performance,reduce diarrhea,promote the development of liver and thymus with a certain degree of regulate metabolism.