海南省近岸养殖区海产品及海水中铅和汞污染状况

Lead and mercury pollution in seafood products and seawater from coastal aquicultural areas of Hainan Province

[目的]了解及评价海南省近岸养殖区海产品及其海水中铅、汞污染状况。[方法]从海南省9个沿海地区的近海养殖场采集海产品(鱼类、虾类和贝类)及海水样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测铅、总汞含量,分别采用单因子指数法和内梅罗污染指数法进行评价。[结果]养殖海产品中铅和总汞的含量范围分别为3.10~310.00、5.30~130.00μg/kg,检出率均为100.00%,但均无超标情况。铅含量中位数从高到低依次为:贝类、鱼类、虾类(P<0.05),总汞含量中位数从高到低依次为:鱼类、虾类、贝类(P<0.05)。养殖区海水中铅含量范围0.35~11.10μg/L,超标率50%;总汞含量范围0.35~4.60μg/L,超标率100%。单因子污染指数法评价发现贝类、鱼类海产品分别存在铅、汞轻度污染情况。内梅罗综合指数法评价发现75%的养殖区海水处于中、重度污染水平。虾类海产品铅含量与养殖区海水铅含量呈正相关(r=0.857,P=0.007)。[结论]海南省近岸养殖海产品受铅、汞污染程度较轻,但其养殖区海水的铅、汞污染状况不容乐观,应引起有关部门的重视。

[ Objective ] To understand and assess the contamination levels of lead and mercury in seafood products and seawater from coastal aquicultural areas of Hainan Province. [ Methods ] Samples of seafood products （fish, shrimp, and shellfish） and seawater were collected from maricuhure farms in 9 coastal areas of Hainan Province, and the levels of lead and total mercury were determined by ICP-MS. Single factor index method and Nemerow＇s index method were applied to evaluate the contamination levels of lead and mercury. [ Results ] The positive and qualified rates of lead and total mercury in the seafood product samples were all 100.00%, with a range of 3.10-310.00 μg/kg for lead and 5.30-130.00 μg/kg for total mercury, respectively. The median levels of lead ranked from high to low as shellfish, fish, and shrimp （P 〈 0.05）, and the median levels of total mercury ranked as fish, shrimp, and shellfish （P 〈 0.05）, respectively. The ranges of lead and total mercury levels in the seawater samples were 0.35-11.10 μL and 0.35-4.60 μg/L, with 50% and 100% of the seawater samples exceeding relevant national limits, respectively. According to the estimated single factor pollution index, the products of shellfish and fish were slightly polluted by lead and mercury respectively. According to the estimated Nemerow＇s index, 75% of the seawater samples were moderately or seriously polluted. In addition, the lead level of shrimp was positively correlated with that of seawater samples （r=-0.857, P=0.007）. [ Conclusion ] Though light contamination of lead and mercury are found in the seafood samples from Hainan coastal areas, attentions should be paid to the serious lead and mercury pollution in seawater.