中国农户环境友好型农药施用行为影响因素的Meta分析

A Meta-analysis of farmers' environment-friendly pesticide application behavior in China

为进一步揭示影响农户农药施用行为的关键因素并深入分析研究层面分歧的原因,以国内外43篇已公开发表的期刊文献为基础数据库,运用Meta分析方法剖析中国范围内农户农药施用行为的关键因素是否完全同质,在允许异质性存在的条件下影响农户农药施用的关键因素及不同因素影响强度随时间的变化规律。结果表明:(1)农户农药施用行为的关键因素并非完全同质,年龄、家庭年收入、对农药知识的了解等存在显著异质性。(2)农户性别、教育程度、风险偏好、对农药知识的了解、种植年限、农业收入占比、是否参加过农药施用培训和是否有农药残留检测是影响农户施药行为的关键因素。(3)随时间推移,受教育程度、风险偏好、对农药知识的了解、是否参加农药施用培训和政府宣传支持对农户施药行为影响强度逐渐增加;性别和农业收入占比影响显著且趋势较为稳定;其余变量影响强度均不同程度的减弱。最后基于实证结果提出政策和学术两个层面的建议。

The main purposes of this study were to reveal key factors influencing farmers＇ pesticide application behavior, and reasons for differences in research level. A total of 43 papers were selected from China and abroad. We explored the following issues： whether key factors in pesticide application in China are completely homogeneous; key factors influencing the application of pesticide in farmers under the condition of allowing the existence of heterogeneity; and trends in key factors over time. The meta-analysis method includes effect size selection, fixed or random effect model selection depending on the existence of heterogeneity, publication bias tests and correction, sensitivity analysis, cumulative meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. The Q statistic was used to test whether there was heterogeneity. If variables are homogeneous in farmers,the fixed effect model is used, if variables are heterogenous, then the random effect model is used.Results showed that farmers＇ pesticide application behavior was not completely homogeneous.There was significant heterogeneity among age, household income, knowledge of pesticide use,scale of cultivation and ratio of agricultural income. The key factors influencing behavior included gender, educational level, risk appetite, knowledge of pesticide use, farming experience, proportion of agricultural income, pesticide application training and pesticide residue detection. The trend in educational level, risk appetite, pesticide related knowledge, participation in pesticide application technical training and government propaganda support increased over time. However, variables including gender and agricultural income accounted for a significant impact, while the trend was nearly stable. The remaining variables gradually decreased. Based on these results, two suggestions spanning policy and academic are proposed.