协调机制、支配结构与收入分配:中国转型社会的阶层结构

Coordination,Domination and Income Distribution: The Structure of Social Stratification in Transitional China

与嵌入行政权威结构中的经济资本产权和人力资本产权制度相适应,行政协调和市场协调是中国转型社会的两种主要协调机制,分别表现为权威型和市场型支配关系。此两类支配关系同时也是经济利益分配关系。阶层地位由支配关系和分配关系所界定。按支配关系和分配关系所规定的支配权大小,本文构建了由16个阶层位置、7个阶层构成的框架,它是支配二元性和权益双重性的。对CGSS2010资料的潜类分析显示,该框架有较强的经验适用性。与发达国家相比,中国支配阶层的比重更高,新老中产阶层的比重也不低;但工人的比重相对较低,农民的比重远高之。从阶层结构来看,中国东部地区呈橄榄型、中西部地区呈圭字型、总体呈圭字型。该框架能有效解释收入不平等,支持了阶层间存在分配关系的判断。

In conformity with the property rights of economic and social capital embedded in state authority,there are two major coordination mechanisms in transitional China,i. e., the bureaucratic coordination and the market coordination. These coordination mechanisms define positions in domination by virtue of authority and market capacity. Both sets of the domination relations are also relations of economic distribution. Class positions are defined by domination and distribution relations. A class schema of 7 classes comprised of 16 class positions is constructed in terms of the quantity of control power in the dual domination and claim over income distribution. The7-class-schema fits well with a 4-cluster model estimated by latent class analysis of data from CGSS2010,suggesting that this deductive theoretical schema is empirically relevant. Statistical findings based on CGSS2010 data also show that compared to advanced industrialized societies,China has a larger proportion of the command class,relatively equal share of the new and old middle classes,but a smaller working class. It has many more farmers,especially in the central and west regions. The class structure is olive shaped in the east,but "圭 "( gui) shaped in the center and the west.Statistical findings also show that the proposed class schema can effectively explain income inequality,which supports the proposition that there are relations of economic distribution among classes in transitional China.