劳动力空间集聚的就业效应:基于中国城市面板数据的经验分析

The Employment Effect of Spatial Agglomeration of Labor:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Panel Data of Cities in China

通过整合劳动经济学与城市经济学等相关理论,构建了研究劳动力空间集聚对就业影响的具有跨学科特点的理论分析框架,在此基础上利用2003~2014年中国279个地级市的面板数据对中国劳动力空间集聚的就业效应进行实证分析。整体而言,中国劳动力空间集聚对就业水平的影响均表现为显著的正向促进作用,即城市劳动力集聚度的提高有利于就业水平的增长;劳动力空间集聚对就业增长的影响因城市规模而异,劳动力在特大城市中集聚对就业增长具有正向促进作用,而劳动力在中小城市集聚对就业增长的影响则不显著。因此从就业角度来看,就当前中国而言,劳动力空间集聚产生的集聚效应是大于拥挤效应的,有利于就业的增长,但在制定相关政策时应充分考虑不同城市规模的差异,因自身条件而制宜,切莫"千篇一律"或"一刀切",更不能"逆"规律而行。

By integrating relative theories of labor economics and urban economics, the paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework with interdisciplinary characteristics and analyzes the impacts of spatial agglomeration of labor on employment. On the basis of this, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the employment effect of spatial agglomeration of labor by using the panel data of 279 prefecture -level cities in China from 2003 to 2014. In general, China＇s spatial agglom- eration of labor has a significantly positive effect on employment, that is, the increase of urban labor concentration is conducive to the growth of employment. Second, the impact of spatial agglomeration of labor on employment growth varies with the size of the cities. The agglomeration of labor in megacities has a positive effect on employment growth, while the agglomeration of labor in relevant policies, the differences in the size of different cities should be taken into full considerations. Policies should be made based on different city itself. The ＂same rule to all＂ should not be applied nor to ＂fight against＂ the rules.