河北水稻地方种质品质多样性分析

Analysis on Quality Traits Diversity of Rice Landraces in Hebei

为了揭示河北水稻地方种质资源品质性状遗传多样性,采用多样性指数、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对收集的109份河北水稻地方种质15个品质性状进行了遗传多样性评价。结果表明:河北水稻地方种质存在丰富的遗传多样性。15个品质性状平均变异系数为23.03%,平均多样性指数为1.92。垩白粒率、垩白度、粒长、蛋白质含量、米饭硬度5个性状多样性指数大于2,表明这些河北水稻地方种质在这些性状上遗传变异丰富。根据主成分分析,15个品质性状可归纳成为4个主成分因子,其累积贡献率包含了15个变量83.04%的信息。米饭食味、直链淀粉含量、精米率、垩白度是影响河北水稻地方种质品质的主要因素。采用4个主成分因子欧式距离聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离D=16.5处,可以将109份地方种质分为4类,但不同来源的河北地方水稻种质交错分布聚类。本研究为河北地方水稻种质的利用提供了科学依据。

In order to reveal the phenotypic genetic diversity of rice landraces from Hebei Province, diversity index, principal component analysis, clustering analysis were used to assess 15 quality traits genetic diversity of 109 rice landraces. The results indicated that rice landraces from Hebei Province had abundant genetic diversity. The average coefficient of variation was 23.03%, and the average index of diversity was 1.92. The index of diversity of chalky rice rate, chalky area, grain length, amylose content, protein content, hardiness of cooked rice was above 2. The 15 quality traits were concluded into 4 factors by principal component analysis, which accounted for 83.04% information of 15 quality traits. The main factors which affected quality of the rice landrace of Hebei were taste of cooked rice, amylose content, milled rice rate, chalky area. The 109 rice landraces could be divided into 4 categories by using Euclidean Distance System at genetic distance 16.5. The landrace of different geographical source was interlaced distribution. This study provided a scientific basis for the utilization of rice landrace in Hebei Province.