晚清地方书局兴起缘由探析

Analysis on the Reasons for the Rise of the Late Qing Local Publishing Houses

地方书局的兴起是19世纪中后期令人瞩目的政治文化现象,它是由太平天国农民战争和第二次鸦片战争后社会变迁、政治变局与学术衍变交织促成。地方书局的兴起,直接肇因于文化典籍遭兵燹损毁,但寻其根源,战后清廷欲复兴儒学、振兴文教以重建传统文化秩序,是地方书局兴起的根本原因,经世实学思潮和传统学术衍变,则是地方书局兴起的两个重要推动力量。这些因素,在19世纪中后期地方督抚权力扩张的背景下,最终演化为创办地方书局的文化实践。

The rise of the local publishing houses was a remarkable political and cultural phenomenon in the middle and late 19th century. It was caused by the interaction of social changes, political development and academic evolution after the Peasant War of Taiping Heavenly and the Second Opium War. The direct motivation was the cultural classics destruction by war, the root cause was the postwar reconstruction of cultural order by reviving Confucianism and revitalizing culture and edu- cation. Additionally, the practical ideology thoughts and the traditional academic evolution were two other important driving forces. These factors, in the context of power expansion of local governors during the middle and late 19th century, eventually evolved into the establishment of the local publishing houses.