辛亥革命后京津地区列强撤兵问题考察

Investigation on the Withdrawal of the Foreign Powers' Troops in the Beijing-Tianjin Regionafter the Revolution of 1911

辛亥革命爆发,西方列强为保护租界、铁路等,纷纷向京津地区增兵。革命后的1913和1914年,西方列强渐次撤退辛亥年所增派的军队。京津地区俄国首先提议撤兵,其他列强先是反对,后来在一战影响、各国的不断较量下,列强逐渐同意撤退驻华军队。中国局势渐趋稳定和中华民国外交部的交涉是各国撤兵的推动力,但在撤与不撤之间,西方各国自身的利益才是起决定性作用的因素。

After the Revolution of 1911, to protect the concession and railways, foreign powers increased the forces in the Beijing - Tianjin region. From 1913 to 1914, foreign powers gradually retreated the additional troops which were sent to China in 1911. Among of them, Russia is the first country to retreat in the Beijing -Tianjin region. At first, other powers opposed, af- terwards they gradually have agreed to retreat because of influence of the First World War and the constant battle between na- tions. For the western countries, the main driving forces to retreat were the stabilization of Chinese situation and the negotiation of the Foreign Ministry of the Republic of China, but the founder effect was their own national interests.