杰斐逊的外交思想与其对美国根本利益的界定

Jefferson's Diplomatic Thought and His Definition of American Fundamental Interest

杰斐逊的外交思想是建立在他对美国根本利益界定的基础上的。这种界定包括两个方面:美国应该采取什么样的发展道路以及什么样的国际结构对美国最为有利。关于前者,杰斐逊认为美国应该成为由独立的农场主占主导地位的共和国,为此需要在美洲大陆上不断扩张,并且拥有海上贸易自由。关于后者,杰斐逊认为美洲和欧洲是两个不同的世界,美国不能卷入欧洲事务,并且需要依靠欧洲大国之间相互牵制的力量均势来保证自己的安全。在美洲大陆的扩张、海上贸易自由、在欧洲的冲突中保持中立和对欧洲均势的重视就是杰斐逊外交思想的四根支柱,它们构成了日后美国外交政策发展的基本框架。

Jefferson＇ s diplomatic thought was based on his definition of American fundamental interest. It included two as- pects：Which development way should the United States adopt and what kind of international structure could best serve Ameri- can interest. On the former, Jefferson thought the United States should be a republic dominated by independent farmer,with the freedom of trade. On the latter,Jefferson thought America and Europe were different worlds,the United States could not be drawn into European affairs rashly, and its security depended on the European balance of power. So, the expansion on American continent, the freedom of trade, keeping neutral in European clashes and the importance of European balance of power were four pillars of Jefferson＇ s diplomatic thought. They became the basic framework of the development of American foreign policy.