假说演绎确证与非充分决定论题

Hypothetico-Deductive Confirmation and the Under-Determination Thesis

按照假说演绎确证(简称HD-确证)的逻辑,理论的经验证据是从理论中逻辑地推出的真观察语句所表达的经验内容。HD-确证为非充分决定论题提供了两个核心概念:"经验证据"和"经验等价"。然而,HD-确证理论对经验证据的刻画是值得怀疑的,也未能充分地考虑证据的不同权重问题,无法提供一个恰当的"经验等价"概念。以HD-确证为基础的非充分决定论题也是站不住脚的。

Hypothetico-Deductive theory of confirmation, i.e. H-D confirmation, is supposed to have a close relation with the Under-determination thesis. According to H-D confirmation, an empirical evidence of a given theory is the true observational consequence stated by the theory. If two theories have their logical consequences overlapped on true observational consequences, then they will have exactly the same evidences, which amounts to that they are empirically equivalent and under-determinated by the same evidences. However, the characterization of evidence by H-D confirmation is dubious. The concept of empirical equivalence provided by H-D confirmation is also groudless for its neglecting the fact that evidences are different in confirmative weights.