空气中超细颗粒物检测方法的研究进展

Research Progress on the Measurement Methods of Ambient Ultrafine(nano) Particles

颗粒物的健康损害效应已得到广泛的关注。尤其近年来,国内外学者们针对PM2.5等大颗粒开展了大量的人群流行病学和毒理学研究,健康损害效应的因果关系得到基本确认。然而比PM2.5粒径更小但数量更多的超细颗粒物(UFPs),其暴露特征及对健康影响的贡献值尚不清楚,缺乏统一的检测方法及策略是影响其健康评估的关键因素。因此,本文根据国内外文献,综述了目前超细颗粒物的检测方法、仪器及策略,总结了超细颗粒物评价方法的影响因素及其存在的不足,为超细颗粒物检测方法的进一步研究提供建议和帮助。

Recently,health effects of particulate matters have received wide attention. Especially, many epidemiological and toxicological researches have reported significant relationship between the exposure to ambient fine particles （PM2.5） and the increased incidence and mortality of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. However, the ambient ultrafine （nano） particles （UFPs） are main contributors to particle number in the air. Compared with PM2.5, UFPs could be inhaled and deposited more deeply into the lung, and enter blood circulation and cardiovascular system through the pulmonary capillaries directly. It has been proposed that UFPs are more harmful to human health than bigger ones, but their exposure characteristics and contribution value are not yet clear. So it is imperative to study the assessment methods and measurement strategies of UFPs. In this paper, the main methods, equipments and strategies to measure UFPs currently used were reviewed. The suggestions for the further research of the UFPs assessment methods and measurement strategies were provided.