老问题、新动力与欧洲共同防务的“机遇窗口”

Structural Problems,New Impetus and the “Window of Opportunity” for European Common Defence

欧洲共同防务是欧洲一体化进程中最敏感,也是发展最缓慢的领域之一。由于外部环境和自身在安全认知、实力地位认知和防务认知方面的重大变化,2016-2017年成为欧洲共同防务发展的重要"机遇窗口"。欧盟在防务投入、防务合作等方面均迈出不小步伐,除宏观层面上的政策推动外,在操作层面上也取得了实质性进展,欧洲防务基金、"年度防务协调评估"机制、"军事计划与行动能力"机制便是其中的代表。这些进展虽然不能真正改变制约欧洲共同防务的结构性问题,但毕竟抓住了这一"机遇窗口",其产生的累积效应和延伸效应为欧洲共同防务未来的发展开辟了更大的空间。

Being the most sensitive area in the European integration,the European Common Defence was progressing very slowly.Due to the dramatic changes in the security environment,as well as the changing perceptions of the Europeans towards security,power position and defence,the period of 2016-2017 shows itself as an important"window of opportunity"for the development of European Defence.With increasing defence expenditure and strengthened defence cooperation,the EU has made considerable efforts both on macro-policy and operational levels,with EDF,CARD and MPCC being the most prominent steps on the operational level.Despite the fact that those accumulative progresses could not solve the enduring structural problems which have limited the development of European Defence,the EU has nevertheless caught the present opportunity for the possible progress in the future.