邻里建成环境对居民外出型休闲活动时空差异的影响——以广州市为例

The Influence of Neighborhood Built Environments on the Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Residents’ Daily Leisure Activities: A Case Study of Guangzhou

休闲行为的产生条件一直受到国内外地理学者的重视,邻里建成环境作为结构性制约因素,在休闲行为研究的交叉学科中开始受到重视,但是关注其对休闲行为影响的时间差异的研究严重不足;此外相关研究多从是否产生休闲行为或活动量的角度去验证,缺乏建成环境对休闲空间特征影响的衡量。基于时间地理学理论,以广州市为案例地,结合居民的出行活动日志调查与人口普查数据、土地利用数据、建筑POI普查数据,探讨居民休闲行为时空特征及居住地的邻里建成环境对其产生的影响。研究发现：工作日,居民外出型休闲活动时间呈现出高度集中特征,高度集中于12：00~14：00,活动集聚的时空区域是12：00~14：00、4 km内;休息日,居民外出型休闲活动时间集聚的集中性减弱,活动持续时间增长;活动集聚的时空区域是9：00~20：00、1 km内。邻里建成环境的不同维度指标对休闲活动距离的作用时段与影响程度存在差异。工作日上午并无影响显著的因素;中午,休闲距离主要受到道路交叉口数量和商业中心可达性的负向影响;下午,休闲距离受到道路交叉口数量先负向后正向的影响。休息日上午,休闲距离主要受开敞空间用地比例的负向影响;中午,受开敞空间用地比例、公交站点数和到最近开敞空间距离的负向影响,土地利用混合度则是呈现先正向后负向的影响;下午,受道路交叉口数量和公交站点数的负向影响、休闲设施数量的正向影响。从作用机制来看,休息日是休闲机会和时间成本作用占主导,工作日是休闲环境作用占主导。

The conditions of leisure activity has been payed much attention to by geographers.Neighborhood built environment, as a structural restriction factor, has been paid attention to in the interdisciplinary study of leisure behavior. However, there is still little study to consider the time difference of the influence of the built environment on leisure behavior. Most researchers believe that the built environment has an impact on leisure behavior, and the related researches are mostly from the perspective of whether there are leisure activities, and lack of measure of the spatial dimension of leisure behavior. Based on the theory of time geography, this paper takes Guangzhou as an example and use residents＇ activity dairy, census data, land use data and building POI （position of interests） data to explore the spatial-temporal characteristics of residents＇ out-of-home leisure be- havior and the neighborhood built environment impact.We find that on weekdays, the out-of-home leisure time of residents showed a high degree of agglomeration. The space-time areas highly concentrated are from 12：00 to 14：00 within 4 kin. On weekend, the degree of time agglomeration is weakened, but duration of the activity is increased. The space-time area highly concentrated is from 9：00 to 20：00 within 1 km. Residents＇ leisure ac- tivities are constrained by factors such as the neighborhood built environment, the time length of the leisure ac- tivity, the distance from the workplace, and so on. These effects are higher in the weekdays than in the week- ends. The constraints are higher in the morning and at noon than in the afternoon on weekdays. On weekends, the constraints are high in the morning and low at noon. There are differences in the time and the degree of in- fluence of the different dimensions of the neighborhood built environment on out-of-home leisure activity dis- tance. On weekday： There is no significant factor of the built environment in the morning. The leisure distance is mainly affected by the negative impact of the number of road intersections and the accessibility of the com- mercial centers at noon. In the afternoon, leisure distance is affected by the number of road intersections, and at first it is positive effect and then negative effect. On weekend： In the morning, the leisure distance is mainly affected by the negative impact of the proportion of the land use of the open space. At noon, it is affected by the positive effect of the land use ratio of the open space, and negative effect of the number of bus stations and the distance to the nearest open space. The land mix index has a positive and then negative effect. In the after- noon, the leisure distance is affected by the negative impact of the number of road intersections and the posi- tive impact of number of bus stations.From the point of view of the mechanism, residents are restricted mainly by the neighborhood built environment on weekends, while the work place mainly on weekdays. The opportu- nity for leisure and time costs are dominant roles on weekends, while the recreational environment is the domi- nant role on weekdays.