外泌体在胰腺癌患者诊疗中的作用

Roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer

外泌体是一类直径约30—150nm的小囊泡，广泛分布于体液中。其内容物丰富，包含蛋白质与核酸等生物活性物质，参与细胞间信号传导和物质转运等过程。外泌体通过促进肿瘤微环境的形成及对吉西他滨的抵抗，影响胰腺癌的发生和发展。血液循环中磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-1（GPC-1）阳性的外泌体以及外泌体中高表达的miR-10b等均可作为胰腺癌患者早期的无创性诊断方法。同时，外泌体作为一种新型的药物传输系统，可将基因类药物、抗癌药物等传输至肿瘤细胞并发挥作用。本文对外泌体在胰腺癌发生、发展及诊疗中的作用做一综述。

Exosomes are small membrane bound vesicles typically 30 - 150 nm in size which are widely distributed in the body fluids. The cytosol is rich in proteins and nucleic acids which mediates communication between different cells and transporting substances. Exosomes are involved in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression by promoting the formation of tumor microenvironment, enhancing gemcitabine resistance. GPC1 ＋ circulating exosomes and high exosome levels of microRNA-10b serve as potential non-invasive diagnostic tools to detect pancreatic cancer in the early stage. Meanwhile, exosomes could successfully deliver genetic drugs, ant/cancer drugs to target cells. In this article, we provide a review on the recent advances on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.