内质网胁迫在植物中的研究进展

The Research Progress of the Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)Stress Response in Plant

内质网是膜蛋白和分泌蛋白合成新肽链以及新肽链初步折叠修饰的重要场所,只有经过二硫键形成、羟基化以及糖基化等修饰的肽链正确折叠后才能达到其正确蛋白质构象,或进入高尔基体进行进一步的修饰和折叠。然而,折叠和修饰的过程是复杂且易错的,如果生命体遭受某些内源或外源的压力,出错概率会成倍增加。错误折叠的蛋白质由内质网中的质量检测系统识别并滞留在内质网内,一旦错误蛋白积累量超过内质网的承受能力,就会引起细胞一系列的响应以实现新的内质网稳态,这个过程称为内质网应激反应,也称内质网胁迫应答。重新实现内质网稳态的方法主要有非折叠蛋白反应、内质网相关的蛋白质降解过程、自噬过程以及细胞凋亡。这些过程在酵母和动物领域的研究已经非常系统,主要总结了这些过程在高等生物中的保守作用机制以及在植物领域的研究进展,希望能够为致力于植物生长发育或胁迫响应过程的研究人员提供参考。

Endoplasmic reticnlum （ ER ） is a crucial site for the synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins, as well as the preliminary modification of new peptides. Only the peptides that finished their preliminary modification like disulfide bonds formation, hydroxylation and glycosylation, they can enter the Golgi apparatus for further modification and eventually reach their correct protein conformation. However, the folding and modification process is complex and error-prone. If the cells face some endogenous or exogenous stresses, the probahility of errors is greatly increased. The misfolded proteins were recognized and retained in ER by ER quality control system. The over-accumulated of the misfolded proteins in ER caused a series of response, which called ER stress response. They are mainly formed by UPR, ERAD, ERQC autophagy and cell death. These processes have been systematically studied in the field of yeasts and animals. This review mainly summarized the conserved mechanism in higher organism and the advances in the plant research. We hope to provide a reference for researchers who are concerned with the process of plant growth, development and plant stress response.