前反思自我觉知的自然化现象学面廓

On Naturalizing Phenomenological Contours of Pre-Reflective Self-Awareness

时间意识的双重意向性决定了前反思自我觉知在现象学研究上的重要地位。在现象学心理学中,前反思自我觉知以诸多具有"家族相似性"的概念形态存在。它在生活世界中具有奠基性,并作为意识的自身给予性构成了任何意识经验所具有的基本的自我感,帮助现象学摆脱意识研究的无穷倒退陷阱。伴随虚拟现实技术与认知神经科学的蓬勃发展,前反思自我觉知的上述特征在自然化现象学运动中得到重新检视与系统推进。橡胶手错觉实验揭示的拥有感可以被视为前反思自我觉知的核心构成,而自我参照系的脑电特征佐证了前反思自我觉知的奠基性。这将启发现象学家与神经科学家开展更多值得期待的联姻工作。

The double intentionality of time-consciousness determines that pre-reflective self-awareness plays a core role in phenomenology. In phenomenologieal psychology, many researchers classify the pre-reflective self-awareness into different concepts according to its family resemblance. Argumentations which come from phenomenology affirm the founded status of pre-refleetive self-awareness in life-world, and it is characterized by a first-personal givenness that immediately reveals them as one＇ s own, which can make the experiences to capture a sense of self. Further- more, it can help phenomenology to avoid an infinite regress in study of consciousness. With the rise of virtual reality and cognitive neuroseience, the features of pre-reflective self-awareness are revisited and systematically tested in the perspective of naturalizing phenomenology. The experiments of rubber hand illusion showed how the sense of ownership constituted the experience of minimal self, and EEG feature of self-reference provided an experimental evidence for the founding position of pre-reflective self-awareness. These works will make a matter of anticipated fact that phenomenology and cognitive neuroseience can learn from each other in a process of mutual enlightenment.