政治经济学视角下的供给侧结构性改革

The Supply-side Structural Reform from the Perspective of Political Economy

深化供给侧结构性改革是我国经济发展进入新阶段以后经济工作的主线。运用马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理和方法,可以对供给侧结构性改革的三个基本理论问题进行阐释。第一,生产首要性、生产与消费在社会再生产中的有机联系,而不是供求在交换中的表面联系,是理解供给侧结构性改革的根本出发点,可以让我们避免在需求管理与供给管理、自由主义与干预主义之间摇摆不定。第二,结构性矛盾是社会再生产的内在矛盾,结构问题不能被唯一地归结为市场失灵导致的比例失调,它和生产的制度结构、生产的目的与性质也密切相关。我国经济发展中的结构性矛盾和结构问题长期存在,推进供给侧结构性改革是一项长期任务而不是短期调控和管理。第三,政治经济学关于虚拟资本的基本原理是我们区别实体经济与虚拟经济的理论依据。金融部门、房地产经济到底属于实体经济还是虚拟经济,取决于金融活动中的货币资本以及房地产商品(资本)是否从属于"货币资本—生产资本—商品资本"的资本循环过程,取决于资本收益是来自资本的价值增殖还是来自所有权转让带来的价值转移和价值分配。供给侧结构性改革要着力发展实体经济,除了发展制造业,也要发展金融与房地产经济中属于实体经济的部分。

Deepening the supply-side structural reform has become the mainline of the whole economic work since China entered into a new stage in its economic development. This paper analyses some basic theoretical issues of supply-side structural reform according to the principles and method of Marxist political economy. Firstly, the primacy of production, as well as the organic contact between production and consumption in the social reproduction, rather than the superficial contact between supply and demand in exchange, is the theoretical starting point of supply-side reform, which prevents economic policies from swinging between supply management and demand management or between liberalism and interventionism. Secondly, structural contradiction is the inner contradiction of social reproduction. Structural issues are endogenous from the conditions for the realization of social reproduction. Besides the disorders caused by market failure, institutional structure of production is also the reason for structural problems. Structural contradiction in development has existed for a long time and will last long. So promoting supply-side reform will be a long-term task rather than a short-term regulation. Thirdly, the theory of virtual capital is crucial to the distinction between real economy and virtual economy. Whether the financial sector and real estate economy belong to virtual economy depends on whether monetary capital and real estate capital serve the circulation process of capital and gain from it. Supply-side structural reform also should develop the part belonging to real economy in finance and real estate economy.