贵州省2011-2015年医学专业招生及就业状况分析

Analysis on the Situation of Enrollment and Employment of Medical Specialties in Guizhou from 2011 to 2015

目的:分析贵州省医学教育不同专业招生及毕业生流向情况,为优化医学教育专业有效供给和统筹规划专业设置提供参考。方法:采用普查方法对贵州省医学本科院校、医学专科院校及医学职业院校2011-2015年各专业招生情况和毕业生就业情况进行调查。结果:2011-2015年,贵州省医学本科院校共招生43 086人,临床、护理专业分别占27.71%、11.18%;医学专科院校共招生38 720人,护理、临床专业分别占47.90%、21.09%;医学职业院校共招生81 925人,护理专业数量最多,占49.82%;从毕业生流向情况看,贵州省各专业毕业生大多在省内卫生机构就业,但本科院校的精神医学、儿科学、康复治疗、医学影像,专科院校的中药学、药学、医学营养,职业院校的卫生检验、医学营养、卫生管理、医疗美容专业,省外卫生机构或其他机构也是其主要的就业方向;从就业率来看,贵州省本科院校的全科医学、精神医学、康复治疗,专科院校的农村医学,以及职业院校的卫生检验、卫生管理、医学营养、医疗美容、口腔专业,就业率均达100.00%;而本科院校的基础医学、中西医结合、卫生管理,专科院校的卫生管理、营养、口腔,以及职业院校的中医学专业,毕业生的就业率相对较低。结论:贵州省医学教育院校专业设置较为合理,但存在某些专业就业率高,某些专业就业率较低现象,有必要进一步优化招生计划。

Objective： To study the situation of enrollment and the choice of graduates after gradua tion in different specialties of medical colleges in Guizhou Province, and provide a reference for optimizing the effective supply of medical education and overall planning of specialty setting. Method： Census method was used in the investigation of the enrollment and employment of graduates from all medical specialties in Guizhou during 2011 -2015. Result：From 2011 to 2015, the enrollment number of medical undergraduate colleges in Guizhou was 43 086, clinical and nursing specialties accounted for 27.71% and 11.18% respectively; The enrollment number of medical junior colleges was 38 720, nursing and clinical specialties accounted for 47.90% and 21.09% respectively ; The enrollment number of vocational medical colleges was 81 925, in which nursing specialties took up the highest percentage （49.82%）. The graduates of medical specialties in Guizhou were mostly employed by health institutions of the province. However, health departments outside the province or other institutions were also the main employment direction of the graduates of psychiatry, pediatrics, rehabilitation therapy and medical imaging from undergraduate colleges, Chinese materia medica, pharmacy and medical nutriol- ogy from junior colleges, and health inspection, medical nutriology, public administration and medical cosmetology from vocational colleges; The employment rate of the graduates of general medicine, psychiatry and rehabilitation therapy in undergraduate colleges, rural medicine in junior colleges, and health inspection, public health management, medical nutrition, medical cosmetology and oral technology in vocational colleges reached 100.00% ; However, the employment rate of graduates from basic medicine, integrated specialty of traditional Chinese and western medicine, health management of un- dergraduate colleges, public health management, nutrition and stomatology of junior colleges, and tra- ditional Chinese medicine in vocational colleges was relatively low. Concluslons：The specialty setting of medical colleges in Guizhou province was reasonable. However, there exists unbalanced status of employment rates in some specialties. It is necessary to further optimize the enrollment planning.