新生儿颅内出血的影响因素及预后

Analysis of Factors Related to Intracranial Hemorrhage and Prognosis of Neonates

目的:探讨新生儿颅内出血的影响因素及预后。方法:选取443例新生儿,记录新生儿胎龄、出生体质量及是否有出生窒息,以及母亲年龄、产次、分娩方式、是否患有妊娠期高血压、糖尿病等情况;颅内出血患儿出生6个月后进行头颅CT复查,观察临床预后。结果:55例颅内出血患儿中,胎龄<37周的早产儿颅内出血发生率显著高于足月儿(χ2=55.545,P<0.001);年龄≥35岁、妊娠期高血压、糖尿病、剖宫产产妇的新生儿颅内出血发生率显著升高(P<0.05);多胎、早产、低出生体质量新生儿颅内出血治疗的总有效率显著低于单胎、足月、体质量正常新生儿(P<0.05);6个月后复查CT显示,43.8%蛛网膜下腔出血患儿接近正常。结论:早产、高龄、妊娠高血压、糖尿病、剖宫产产妇的新生儿更易发生颅内出血,其中新生儿为多胎、早产、低出生体重时颅内出血的疗效较差,蛛网膜下腔出血预后较好。

Objective： To investigate the factors related to intracranial hemorrhage and prognosis. Methods： 443 neonates were chosen as research targets. Collecting information on neonatal gestational age, birth weight, birth asphyxia or not, and their mother＇s age, number of delivery, delivery mode, whether suffering from pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases; and CT detection was conducted after born for 6 months to observe the prognosis. Results： Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates with gestational age 〈 37 weeks was significantly higher than full time neonates （X^2 = 55. 545 P 〈0. 001）. Women with age≥35 years, gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cesarean section showed higher incidence rate of having neonates with intracranial hemorrhage （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; multiple birth, preterm birth and low birth weight infants with total effective ratio of intracranial hemorrhage were significantly lower than single birth, full-term birth and normal weight neonates （P 〈 0.05 ） ; CT examination after 6 months showed 43.8 % neonates with subarachnoid hemorrhage got normal imaging. Conclusion： Neonates with premature birth and mother with older age, hypertension, diabetes and cesarean section were more susceptible to neonatal intracranial hemorrhage; multiple pregnancy, premature birth and low birth weight infants showed poor efficacy; subarachnoid hemorrhage with comparatively good prognosis.