民间借贷风险治理的转型及法律机制的创新

The Transformation of Risk Management and the Innovation of Legal Mechanism of Private Lending

党的十九大报告明确提出:"健全金融监管体系,守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线"。民间借贷风险的治理是健全金融监管体系的重要内容,也是守住不发生系统性金融风险的重要保障。随着我国经济的快速发展,新型民间借贷本质上越来越接近甚至完全成为金融经营行为,却没有受到法律的有效规制。除事后的刑事责任制度外,事前的风险防范法律机制相当薄弱。在经济波动性增大及新金融业态迅速发展的双重因素影响下,民间借贷风险开始具有系统性、传染性、交叉性、集中性、隐蔽性等新特点,主要依赖刑法规制的传统法律治理机制难以有效防范其风险,迫切需要从压制为主的治理机制转向激励与约束相容的治理机制,采用更加开放的治理思想,坚持分类规制和重点规制的基本思路,从激励性机制、非存款类放贷人规制、刑事法律的完善、统一备案制度、央地共治的双层监管体制等方面创新和完善现有制度,形成有效防范和化解民间借贷风险的法律机制。

With the continuous economic development, the new type of private lending has become more and more close to the financial management behavior. It has not been subject to effective legal regulation. There are very scattered preventive legal mechanisms expect the criminal liability imposed afterwards. Against the backdrop of down- ward economic pressure and the rapid development of internet financing, private lending risk becomes systematic, in- fectious, intersectional, intensified and hidden. As a result, the past practice of reguation through criminal law is difficult to effectively prevent the risk, urging a switch from repression to incentive and restriction based governance. The new mechanism should adhere to the basic idea of classification regulation and prioritized regulation, focus on improving and innovating the incentive mechanism, non deposit lending regulations, criminal law and unified filing system, double supervision system in order to prevent and dissovle legal risks caused by private lending.