超声波辅助与溶剂萃取枇杷仁油方法比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Method of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Solvent Extraction of Loquat Kernel Oil

以枇杷仁为原料,对2种提取枇杷仁油的工艺和效果进行比较。通过正交实验得到溶剂法提取枇杷仁油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚(b.p 60~90℃),料液比1∶8(g∶mL),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,枇杷仁油收率为10.3%;超声波辅助法提取枇杷仁油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶5(g∶mL),超声温度60℃,超声时间25 min,超声功率180 W,枇杷仁油收率为12.9%。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的枇杷仁油得率比溶剂法高,并且超声波辅助法比溶剂法提取的时间短、温度要低,是一种短时高效的提取方法。

Taking loquat kernel as raw material, the technology and effect of oil extraction from loquat kernel by different methods was studied in this paper. The optimum conditions for solvent extraction via orthogonal test are that petroleum ether （ b. p 60 - 90 ℃ ） is used as solvent, solid - liquid ratio 1 ： 8 （ g ： mL）, extraction time 2 h, extraction temperature 80 ℃ ,and the extraction rate is up to 10.3%. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic assisted extraction are that petroleum ether is used as solvent, solid -liquid ratio 1 ： 5 （g ： mL）, ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃, 180 W ultrasonic treating for 25min, and the extraction rate is up to 12.9%. It is revealed that compared with solvent method ,the ultrasonic assisted extraction is superior with advantages of lower temperature, short time and higher extraction rate.