基于人的三重存在理解人的利己与利他

To Understand Human Egoism and Altruism Based on Human Triple Existence

近代以来的社会以及社会治理建构,是基于原子化的个人及其人权进行的。原子化的个人是一种抽象,而人权则是一种假设。通过抽象而获得的原子化个人以及通过假设而设定的人权对于人类文明的贡献是巨大的,造就了一个伟大的工业文明。全球化、后工业化意味着人类正在走进一个新的历史阶段。人们应该重新思考社会以及社会治理建构的出发点和前提问题。人的存在可以区分为物理存在、精神存在和道德存在三重内容。从人的道德存在出发去进行理论思考,呈现出来的是一种不同于工业社会的社会以及社会治理建构方向。人的道德存在在后工业社会中将会因为人的共生共在的观念的确立而获得发育和成长的肥沃土壤,反过来,人的道德存在又会成为道德制度得以建构的前提和基础。

The society and social governance construction in modern times is based on the atomized individuals and their human rights. The atomized individual is an abstraction,and the human right is an assumption. The contribution of the atomized individuals obtained through abstraction and the human rights set by hypotheses to the human civilization is enormous and has created a great industrial civilization. Globalization and post-industrialization mean that human beings is entering a new historical stage. Thus,we need to rethink the starting point and prerequisite questions of society and social governance construction. Human existence can be divided the triple content: physical existence,spiritual existence and moral existence. Starting from the moral existence of human to conduct the theoretical thinking,a direction different from the social construction of social governance in the industrial society shows up. The moral existence of human will get fertile soil for development and growth in the post-industrial society due to the establishment of the concept for the human coexistence and interaction. On the contrary,the moral existence of human will also be the precondition and foundation for the construction of the moral system.