黄河滩盐碱地池塘生态养殖技术试验分析

Experiment and Analysis of Pond Ecological Farming Technique in Salt and Alkaline Soil of The Yellow River Beach

土壤盐碱化不仅涉及农业、土地、水资源的问题,也是典型的生态环境问题,根治盐碱化对农业生产和农业生态都十分重要。利用"以渔改碱"技术,通过盐碱地生态池塘改造,收集盐碱水和养殖废水;台田种植饲草和果树;用生物化学方法,降低池塘盐碱度,引进耐盐耐碱优良水产养殖新品种,制定盐碱池塘养殖模式,建立鱼-草-果-禽生态系统。含盐量从6.40‰~15.5‰下降到1.22‰~5.35‰,pH值从原来的8.35~9.01下降到7.62~8.56,水产养殖新增纯收益150.9万元。试验区盐碱地得到永久治理和开发,修复了生态环境,对沿黄低洼盐碱地生态治理和可持续利用具有一定的示范作用。

Soil salinization not only involves the problems of agriculture, land and water resources, but also is a typical ecological and environmental problem. It is very important to eradicate salinization to both agricultural production and agricultural ecology. Use of ＂fishing to alkali＂ technology, through saline-alkali ecological pond reconstruction, collection of saline-alkali water and aquaculture wastewater, Taitian planted forage and fruit trees. A new salt-alkali tolerant aquicuhure variety was introduced, a saline-alkali pond culture model was established and establish a fish-grass-fruit-poultry ecosystem. Salt content decreased from 6.40 %o to 15.5 %o to 1.22 %o to 5.35 %o, pH dropped from 7.65 to 9.06 from 8.35 to 9.01, and net income from aquaculture increased to 1.590 million yuan. The saline-alkali land in the experimental area was permanently managed and developed, the ecological environment was restored, and some demonstration effects were made on the ecological control and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land along the Yellow River.