四川安岳云峰寺新发现“地藏十王变”及相关问题

Recently Discovered Carvings “Ksitigarbha with Ten Kings of the Hell” at Yunfeng Temple in Anyue and Related Issues

四川安岳县云峰寺摩崖造像K11"地藏十王变"应开凿于五代。比较以往同类发现,该铺地藏十王变特点明显,包括以连环画的形式,完整呈现亡魂进入地狱后经历的一系列过程,重视宣判场景表现,对六道图像的灵活运用等。该铺图像是在内江清溪普陀岩"地藏十王变"的基础上发展而来,代表该类图像一个独特类型,且均在藏经洞所出Ch.00404+Ch.00212+S.3961类图像基础上简化形成。通过对比,可梳理出唐末至宋初,川渝及敦煌地区该类图像P.2003类→绵阳北山院K10类→Ch.00404+Ch.00212+S.3961类→云峰寺K11类和圣泉寺K1类的演进序列。以云峰寺为代表的川东地区五代龛像,造像题材多以较固定的组合形式出现,已经形成一个兼顾信众现世、死后及来生的佛教信仰体系。

The niche of the cliffside carvings ＂Ks.itigarbha with Ten Kings of the Hell＂ at Yunfeng Temple, Anyue county, Sichuan province is thought to be started in the Five Dynasties. Compared with previous findings with a similar motif, those carvings have distinct characteristics. They illustrate the experience of a soul in the hell in the form of serial pictures, focus on depicting the scene of sentencing and properly apply images of Six Paths. This illustration is derived from that of the carvings in Putuoyan, Qingxi, Neijiang, and is a unique example of this type of illustration and meanwhile a simplification of images of Ch.00404＋Ch.00212＋S.3961. Through comparison with other carvings, the author makes up an evolution sequence of this kind of illustration in Sichuan, Chongqing and Dunhuang during the Late Tang and the Early Song periods as p.2003→K10 in Mianyang→Ch.00404＋Ch.00212＋S.3961→Niche 11 at Yunfeng Temple and Niche 1 at Shengquan Temple. And the author furthermore concludes that the Buddhist carvings in the Five Dynasties in east Sichuan area represented by that in Yunfeng Temple had relatively fixed combinations of images and formed a Buddhist belief system which guided the believer＇s current life, after death and next life.