杜仲叶对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on Growth Performance,Carcass Characters,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbial Flora of Finishing Pigs

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杜仲叶对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响,探讨其在育肥猪上的应用效果。选择出生日龄相近、健康状况良好且体重[(27±1)kg]无显著差异(P>0.05)的长白×大白猪60头,随机分为3组,每组20头猪。其中对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加任何抗生素),试验组分别用3%、4%杜仲叶粉替代基础饲粮中同比例次粉,试验期共102 d,试验结束时,每组随机选取4头猪(公母各占1/2)屠宰,测定胴体性状及肉品质指标。结果表明:试验第1~52天,与对照组相比,4%杜仲叶添加组平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),腹泻率极显著降低(P<0.01);试验第53~102天,与对照组相比,试验组料重比极显著下降(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,试验组眼肌面积增加(P>0.05),滴水损失极显著下降(P<0.01),肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著或极显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),肝脏中丙二醛含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。4%杜仲叶添加组大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),双歧杆菌与乳酸菌数量差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示:饲粮添加4%杜仲叶可显著降低育肥猪的腹泻率,提高育肥猪生长性能,改善其胴体性状和肉品质,提高肝脏抗氧化能力,对肠道菌群数量具有一定的调控作用。

This experiment was performed to study the effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaves（ EUL） on growth performance,carcass characters,antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbial flora,aiming to explorer its application effects in production. Sixty（ 27±1） kg with no significant difference（ P0.05） finishing pigs（ Landrace× Yorkshire） with similar birthday and healthy status were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 pigs per group. Pigs in control group were fed a basal diet（ no antibiotics）,and in experimental groups were fed the basic diets with 3% and 4% EUL respectively replaced the same proportion of wheat middings.The experiment was lasting for 102 days. Then,a total of 12 pigs（ 4 pigs per group） were randomly slaughtered to investigate the carcass characters and meat quality. The results showed as follows： from 1 to 52 days,compared with the control group,4% EUL significantly increased the average daily gain（ P0.05） and extremely significantly decreased the diarrhea rate（ P0.01）; from 53 to 102 days,compared with the control group,the feed to gain ratio was extremely significantly decreased in the experimental groups（ P 0. 01）.Compared with the control group,the loin eye area was increased（ P0.05）,while the drip loss was extremely significantly decreased（ P0.01） in the experimental groups. The liver glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly or extremely significantly increased（ P0.05 or P0.01）,while the liver malondialdehyde content was extremely significantly decreased（ P 0. 01） in the experimental groups compared with the control group. Compared with the control group,4% EUL significantly increased the amounts of Escherichia coli and Salmonella（ P0.05）,but had no significant effects on the amounts of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium（ P0.05）. The results indicate that the dietary 4% Eucommia ulmoides leaves can significantly reduce the diarrhea rate,increase the growth performance,improve the carcass characters and meat quality,increase the antioxidant capacity,and regulate the intestinal microbial flora of finishing pigs.