古代文学批评中的兵器喻笔现象——兼论文人制文对匠人制器的取喻系统

The Likening of Pen into Weaponry in Ancient Literary Criticism and the Metaphor System of Literati's Writing and Craftsmen's Crafting

兵器喻笔是古代文学批评中的一种具有丰富层次性和系统性的现象,它生成于古人对语言现实力量的追求、比类取物的思维习惯、用兵之术对艺术理论的渗透及文人对文武兼修的理想状态的期许。其具体存在形式丰富多彩,指涉范围包括言辞、文体、气象及文采等多个层面。此外,对以兵器的产生及它与人之间的关系——即兵器锻造喻笔现象进行剖析,能够触及更深层次的文学批评原理体系——文人制文对匠人制器的取喻系统。这个系统的产生与文人品评风向的改变和文学形式化的取向有着密切的联系。

The analogy of pen with weapons is a phenomenon rich in hierarchy and systematicness in ancient literary criticism. It comes from the ancients＇ pursuit of words＇ real power,the habits of mind of metaphor with objects,the influence of war craft on art theory and the literati＇s hope of being well-versed in both polite letters and martial arts. It has kinds of existence forms and concludes words,literary form,atmosphere and ornate wording and so on. Besides,the analysis of the analogy of pen with weapons＇ production will guide us to a deeper system of literary criticism,which is the analogy system of literati＇s writing with craftsmen＇s crafting. The generation of this system is closely connected with the change of the situation of comments on literati and the formalization of literature.