《南北词简谱》的谱式渊源及特点——兼论传统格律谱对当代新编昆剧的意义

The Origin and Characteristics of The Scores of Nanci and Beici: the Significance of the Traditional Notations of Tonal Patterns to Contemporary Kun Opera

《南北词简谱》是近代曲学大师吴梅最为自矜的一部著作,按照"世代累积"的制谱惯例,《南北词简谱》亦参酌前人,其裔派为:北词谱属《太和正音谱》一派,南词谱归沈璟《南曲全谱》一脉。是谱的突出特征为"简",不仅例曲选择简明精当,而且每曲之校记言简义丰,对联套中的疑难问题一一"梳爬搜剔,独下论断",归纳每宫通行格式数种,示昆剧词坛歌场以轨则,对昆剧创作乃至保护传承具有重要意义。

The Scores of Nanci and Beici is the work that gives most credit to its author Wu Mei, an eminent scholar of Xiqu studies. According to the convention of dramatic music composition passed down from the previous dynasties, Wu＇s work refers back to traditional scholarship, and demonstrates the legacy of of Nanqu in ＂simplicity ＂. Taihe Musical Scores in its study of beici, and the legacy of Shen Jing＇s Complete Scores its study of nanci. The most obvious feature of The Scores of Nanci and Beici is The songs chosen as examples are simple and practical; the notes to the songs are concise and comprehensive. It makes ＂independent judgement＂ on the confusions about the sequences of qupai melodies by ＂sorting out the historic materials scrupulously＂. It summarizes the popular tonal patterns, and finds the musieal rules of kun opera, which has been essential to the writing and inheritance of kun opera.